Hook plating in patella fractures

PurposeTension band wiring is considered the standard treatment for patella fractures. However, it is limited for fractures with marginal involvement, comminution, and osteoporotic bone. Our experience indicates that these limitations can be overcome with the hook plate. We evaluated the radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with patella fracture treated with hook plating.MethodsWe enrolled 30 patients who underwent hook plating for patella fracture at two institutions between 2013 and 2017. Fracture classification and surgical options were reviewed. Postoperative fracture gap and time to union as radiographic measurements, and complications, range of motion, and functional outcome with the Lysholm score as clinical outcomes, were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsNine fractures were AO/OTA 34A1, three B1, one B2, two C1, nine C2, and six C3. All were closed fractures. There were 3 cases of revision, 4 with lateral or medial marginal fracture, 9 with isolated inferior pole fracture, and 14 with comminuted fracture. The average postoperative fracture gap was 0.4 (range, 0–2.0) mm, and bone union was achieved without additional intervention. The average time to union was 11.6 (range, 7–24) weeks. There were no complications, and no extension lag except in one case (10°). The average flexion was 138.5° (range, 110–145°). For functional outcomes, the average Lysholm score was 89.5 (range, 74–95), with 13 excellent, 14 good, 3 fair, and no poor cases.ConclusionThis study suggests that hook plating can result in good bone union and restored knee function in marginal or comminuted fractures of the patella.     

Scaphoid fracture geometrics: an assessment of location and orientation

The location and angle of scaphoid fractures are important attributes which guide management. We used a 3 dimensional scaphoid model, generated from CT scans, to map scaphoid fracture planes. The point at which the fracture plane crossed the central axis of the scaphoid was noted. The angle of the fracture planes with regard to the central axis was also noted. This allowed calculation of the location of the fracture and the angle of the 379 fractures. The mean point of intersection for fractures with the scaphoid axis was 50% along the scaphoid. Sixty percent of all fractures were found around the central 20% of the scaphoid. The mean angle between the scaphoid axis and the fracture plane was 63 degrees). On comparing angle with location, as fractures move away from the scaphoid waist, they become less perpendicular to the scaphoid axis (p?p?p?p?=?.018). There was no link between fracture plane angles and age, sex and union status. Most fractures occur at the centre of the scaphoid. There is a link between the location and angle of scaphoid fractures. It also identifies older patients and males are more likely to have more proximal scaphoid fractures.     

采用椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗寰枢椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳的临床效果。[方法]2009年9月~2017年3月,对6例创伤性寰枢椎不稳患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗。术前均常规行颅骨牵引,椎弓根进钉点位于寰椎椎弓两侧距后结节20 mm、后弓下缘2 mm,内倾5°~10°、头倾10°~15°,置入直径3.5 mm、长22~26 mm螺钉。枢椎螺钉的进钉点位于侧块内上象限,内倾约25°,头倾约25°置入直径3.5 mm、长24~28 mm螺钉。[结果]术中无血管及神经损伤。术后随访6~36个月,患者临床症状得到明显改善。术后检查显示螺钉位置良好,无内置物松动、断裂。术后12个月JOA评分为11.00~17.00分。[结论]寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗创伤性寰枢椎不稳疗效满意。     

连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果的研究

目的研究分析连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果。方法本项研究回顾了2017年2月—2018年7月间在某院采取了脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗的52例患者整个治疗过程的资料,将所有的患者使用数字双盲法将其分为了对照组(n=26)和观察组(n=26)。对照组患者使用护理措施为常规护理措施,观察组使用的护理措施为连续护理干预模式,在患者治疗完成后对比两个不同组别患者在围手术期期间各类指标和出现并发症概率。结果对照组患者手术下床活动时间、住院时间、住院所需费用以及患者并发症发生率均显著高于观察组,组别间数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医护人员在进行脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者的护理工作当中,对其采取连续护理模式可以降低患者并发症发生率,缩短患者住院时间,对患者身体的恢复具有显著意义。     

Pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries: A review

IntroductionPediatric Lisfranc injuries are rare and a limited number of series or case reports have been published. Diagnosis can be easily missed and long-term outcome is not sufficiently presented. The primary aim of this paper is to review the literature about pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries. This article also provides a review on Lisfranc joint anatomy, pediatric Lisfranc injuries, and stress or acute fractures involving the first and central (second to third) metatarsal (MT) bases, in an effort to detect potential pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries, which were not accurately diagnosed.MethodsThe bibliographic survey to identify pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases, with no time limit. Four terms were used for searching in all possible combinations: Pediatric/children, Lisfranc/tarsometatarsal, variant/equivalent, injury/fracture. The only inclusion criterion was the age of the patients, which had to be less than 12 years. Reports on adolescents or adults were excluded.ResultsThe research indicated that there was only one study mentioning the pediatric Lisfranc equivalent injury, while there were no cases recorded as pediatric Lisfranc variants. The literature review regarding the final clinical outcome of both pediatric Lisfranc injuries and fractures, either stress or acute, involving the central MT base, indicated that early degenerative changes often occur, and may be responsible for chronic pain and activity limitation, even after mild and subtle low energy injuries.Discussion/ConclusionsThis review suggests that stress fractures involving the central MT base could be considered as a variant of the Lisfranc injury in children. Care should be taken to exclude occult fractures or ligamentous injuries to the medial and central Lisfranc joint complex in the presence of fractures involving the base or proximal portion of the first MT, including injuries to the physeal plate, to rule out the pediatric Lisfranc equivalent injury.     

Management of hip fracture in COVID-19 infected patients

Given that the global population of elderly individuals is expanding and the difficulty of recovery, hip fractures will be a huge challenge and a critical health issue for all of humanity. Although people have spent more time at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hip fractures show no sign of abating. Extensive studies have shown that patients with hip fracture and COVID-19 have a multifold increase in mortality compared to those uninfected and a more complex clinical condition. At present, no detailed research has systematically analyzed the relationship between these two conditions and proposed a comprehensive solution. This article aims to systematically review the impact of COVID-19 on hip fracture and provide practical suggestions. We found that hip fracture patients with COVID-19 have higher mortality rates and more complicated clinical outcomes. Indirectly, COVID-19 prevents hip fracture patients from receiving regular medical treatment. With regard to the problems we encounter, we provide clinical recommendations based on existing research evidence and a clinical flowchart for the management of hip fracture patients who are COVID-19 positive. Our study will help clinicians adequately prepare in advance when dealing with such patients and optimize treatment decisions.     

Clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral mandibular condyle head fracture

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis. Patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who underwent arthrocentesis for therapeutic reasons were evaluated and compared with patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who did not undergo arthrocentesis. At 3 months after treatment, the occlusal contact area and maximum bite force in patients with a fracture treated with arthrocentesis were greater than in those who did not receive arthrocentesis at the same time points, although the differences were not significant. Moreover, at 1 and 3 months following arthrocentesis, mean (±SD) occlusal contact area (1 month: 1.99 ± 0.55 mm², p = 0.01; 3 months: 2.90 ± 1.36 mm², p = 0.03) and maximum bite force (1 month: 82.45 ± 15.04 N, p = 0.01; 3 months: 101.11 ± 14.53 N, p = 0.01) on the fractured side in patients who underwent that treatment were significantly reduced when compared with those on the non-fractured side. The authors conclude that if the priority is to avoid open reduction and internal fixation, then the arthrocentesis approach might be a less invasive alternative, albeit with the price of a prolonged healing interval.     

Molecular biology: a guide for orthopaedic surgeons

Fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections are complications frequently encountered by the trauma and orthopaedic surgeon. Moreover, they pose a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden to the society. A clear understanding of the molecular biology surrounding fracture healing, as well as the pathophysiology of orthopaedic-related infections, is of paramount importance to their successful management. The first section of this article aims to explain the basic science critical to the understanding of DNA, RNA, gene and protein expression, and the molecular techniques most commonly deployed in the diagnostic and research fields of trauma and orthopaedics. The second section provides a general overview of the molecular physiology of fracture healing and biofilm, the molecular characteristics and genetic predisposition of fracture non-union, followed by discussing recent advances in molecular techniques used in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections.     

FRAX评估江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨折风险的回顾性研究

目的评估FRAX■工具对江苏镇江地区中老年人骨质疏松性骨折的预测价值。方法对1070例江苏镇江地区中老年人群进行分组性研究,应用FRAX■工具计算未来10年主要骨质疏松性骨折(probability of major osteoporosis fracture,PMOF)和髋部骨折的概率(probability of hip fracture,PHF),分析年龄、体质量指数、有无骨质疏松性骨折史以及不同骨量对FRAX预测结果的影响。结果随着年龄的增长10年内PMOF和PHF同步增加;随着体重指数的增加,10年内PMOF和PHF同步下降;有骨质疏松性骨折史的人群10年内PMOF和PHF明显增加;随着骨量下降,10年内PMOF和PHF逐渐增加;不同骨量受人群在不同骨质疏松骨折风险组中的分布不同。在骨质疏松性骨折高风险人群中,骨质疏松者占78.1%,低骨量者占20.7%,正常骨量者占1.3%。结论FRAX■工具可用于江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨质疏松骨折风险的评估。FRAX■工具可能低估了低骨量人群的骨质疏松性骨折的风险,该工具对中老年低骨量人群的预测价值值得进一步研究。     

胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折治疗后BMD、BGP变化的Meta分析

目的系统评价胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折在接受复方骨肽注射液治疗后骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)的变化。方法制定检索策略并检索目前国内外公开发表的中、英文数据库,应用Review Manager 5.3对纳入文献中所提取的数据资料进行分析。结果复方骨肽组与对照组相比,其治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的总有效率显著高于后者(OR:7.51; 95%CI:4.40～12.83; P0.00001);其骨痛强度评分更低(WMD:-1.62; 95%CI:-1.94～-1.29; P0.00001)、骨密度值更高(WMD:0.04; 95%CI:0.01～0.07; P0.05)、血清骨钙素更高(WMD:2.01; 95%CI:1.44～2.58; P 0.00001)、中度骨痛病例数更少(OR:0.32; 95%CI:0.17～0.58; P 0.05)、重度骨痛病例数更少(OR:0.14; 95%CI:0.06～0.32; P0.00001),轻度骨痛病例数相对更多(OR:1.63; 95%CI:0.38～6.98; P0.05),但差异并无统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者在接受复方骨肽治疗后,其骨密度、血清骨钙素等指标优于对照组,可缓解骨痛症状,具有积极的临床意义。